Unokufezekisa umbala onzulu, ofanayo kwi-textile ngokusebenzisa inkqubo echanekileyo. Aumatshini wokudaya imisontoyenza le nkqubo ngokwamanqanaba amathathu angundoqo: unyango lwangaphambili, ukudaya, nasemva konyango. Inyanzela utywala obudayi ngeepakethe zentambo phantsi kobushushu obulawulwayo kunye noxinzelelo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
● Ukudaya ngemisonto kunamanyathelo amathathu aphambili: ukuwulungisa, ukuwudaya, nasemva konyango. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile kumbala omhle.
● Umatshini wokudaya intambo usebenzisa iindawo ezikhethekileyo njengempompo kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu. La malungu anceda ukudaya umsonto ngokulinganayo nangobushushu obufanelekileyo.
● Emva kokudaywa, umsonto uyahlanjululwa uze unyangwe. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umbala uhlala uqaqambile kwaye womelele ixesha elide.
Inqanaba 1: Unyango lwangaphambili
Kufuneka uwulungiselele kakuhle umsonto wakho phambi kokuba ungene kumjikelo wokudaya. Eli nqanaba lonyango lwangaphambili liqinisekisa ukuba umsonto ucocekile, uyafunxa, kwaye ulungele ukufunxwa kombala ofanayo. Ibandakanya amanyathelo amathathu abalulekileyo.
Ukujikajika komsonto
Okokuqala, ujijela umsonto okrwada kwiihanki okanye iicones kwipakethe ekhethekileyo enemingxuma. Le nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-soft winding, yenza ipakethe enoxinaniso oluthile. Kufuneka ulawule oku kuxinana ngononophelo. Ukujija okungalunganga kunokubangela umjelo, apho idayi ihamba ngokungafaniyo kwaye ibangele ukungafani komthunzi. Kumsonto womqhaphu, kufuneka ujolise uxinano lwepakethe phakathi kwe-0.36 kunye ne-0.40 gm/cm³. Imisonto yePolyester ifuna ipakethe eqinileyo, enoxinano olungaphezulu kwe-0.40 gm/cm³.
Ilayisha uMthwali
Emva koko, ulayisha ezi phakheji zenxeba kwi-carrier. Esi sithwali sisakhelo esifana nesonka esibambe umsonto ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kumatshini wokudaya welaphu. Uyilo lomthwali luvumela utywala bedayi ukuba buhambe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ipakethe. Oomatshini boShishino banoluhlu olubanzi lwamakhono okuphatha ubungakanani bebhetshi ezahlukeneyo.
Ubunakho boMthwali:
● Oomatshini beesampuli ezincinci banokubamba ngaphantsi kwe-10 kg.
● Oomatshini bobukhulu obuphakathi bakholisa ukuba nomthamo wama-200 kg ukuya kuma-750 kg.
● Oomatshini bokuvelisa abakhulu banokusebenza ngaphezu kwe-1500 kg kwibhetshi enye.
Ukucoca kunye nokuBopha
Okokugqibela, wenza i-scouring kunye ne-bleaching ngaphakathi komatshini otywiniweyo. I-scouring isebenzisa iikhemikhali ze-alkaline ukususa i-wax yendalo, i-oyile, kunye nokungcola kwi-fibers.
● Into eqhelekileyo yokukhuhla yiSodium Hydroxide (NaOH).
● Ugxininiso luqheleke ukusuka kwi-3-6% ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo umsonto.
Emva kokucoca, uhlamba umsonto, ngokuqhelekileyo nge-hydrogen peroxide. Eli nyathelo lidala isiseko esimhlophe esifanayo, esiyimfuneko ekufezekiseni imibala eqaqambileyo nechanekileyo. Ufezekisa i-bleaching efanelekileyo ngokufudumeza ibhafu kwi-95-100 ° C kwaye uyibambe imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwe-90.
Ukuqonda indima yoMshini wokuDaya umsonto
Emva konyango lwangaphambili, uxhomekeke kumatshini wokudaya intambo ukwenza umbala ogqibeleleyo. Umatshini ungaphezulu nje kwesikhongozeli; yinkqubo ephucukileyo eyenzelwe ukuchaneka. Ukuqonda imisebenzi yayo ephambili kukunceda ukuba uxabise indlela efikelela ngayo kwiziphumo ezingaguqukiyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Amacandelo omatshini angundoqo
Kuya kufuneka uzazi izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezisebenza kunye ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya. Ilungu ngalinye linomsebenzi othile obalulekileyo nobalulekileyo.
| Icandelo | Umsebenzi |
|---|---|
| I-Kier (Isitya sokudaya) | Esi sesona sikhongozeli-soxinzelelo siphambili. Ibamba iiphakheji zakho zentambo kunye nesisombululo sedayi kumaqondo aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. |
| Umtshintshi wobushushu | Le yunithi ilawula ubushushu bokuhlamba idayi. Ilawula zombini ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ukulandela iresiphi yokudaya ngokuchanekileyo. |
| Impompo yokujikeleza | Le mpompo inamandla ihambisa utywala bedayi ngomsonto. Iqinisekisa ukuba yonke ifayibha ifumana umbala ofanayo. |
Ukubaluleka Kokujikeleza
Kuya kufuneka ufezekise ukujikeleza kwedayi efanayo kumbala olinganayo. Impompo ejikelezayo inyanzelisa utywala bedayi kwiipakethi zentambo ngesantya esithile sokuhamba. Eli zinga liyinkalo ephambili ekuthinteleni ukuhluka komthunzi. Oomatshini abahlukeneyo basebenza ngesantya esahlukileyo.
| Uhlobo lomatshini | Umlinganiselo wokuHamba (L kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) |
|---|---|
| Ngokwesiqhelo | 30–45 |
| Ukudaya ngokukhawuleza | 50–150 |
Ubushushu kunye neNkqubo yoxinzelelo
Udinga ulawulo oluchanekileyo kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi kwiintsinga zokwenziwa ezifana nepolyester. Oomatshini bobushushu obuphezulu bahlala besebenza ukuya kuthi ga140°Ckwaye≤0.4Mpayoxinzelelo. Ezi meko zinceda idayi ukuba ingene kwimicu exineneyo. Oomatshini banamhlanje basebenzisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukulawula ezi ziguquguqukayo ngokugqibeleleyo.
IiNzuzo zokuziSebenzisa:
● I-Automation isebenzisa i-sensors kunye ne-PLCs (i-Programmable Logic Controllers) ukulandela i-curves yokushisa ngokuchanekileyo.
● Inciphisa impazamo yomntu, iqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi idayiwe ngokuphinda-phinda okuphezulu.
● Olu lawulo lwenkqubo lukhokelela kwiimeko ezizinzileyo, nkqu nokuthathwa kombala, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Umjikelo wokuDaya
Ngomsonto wakho owenziwe ngaphambili, ulungele ukuqalisa umjikelo ongundoqo wokudaya. Eli nqanaba kulapho uguquko lombala lwenzeka ngaphakathi koMshini wokuDaya umsonto, ofuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu kwedayi, ukujikeleza, kunye nobushushu.
Ukulungiselela Ibhafu yokuDayi
Okokuqala, ulungiselela i-dyebath. Ugcwalisa umatshini ngamanzi kwaye ungeze idayi kunye neekhemikhali ezincedisayo ngokusekelwe kwiresiphi yakho. Kufuneka kwakhona usete umlinganiselo wotywala kwizinto eziphathekayo (L:R). Lo mlinganiselo, osoloko ubekwe kwixabiso elifana ne-1:8, umisela umthamo wamanzi kwikhilogram nganye yomsonto. Kwipolyester, wongeza iikhemikhali ezithile kumxube:
●Iiarhente ezisasaza:Ezi zinto zigcina amasuntswana edayi esasazwe ngokulinganayo emanzini.
●Ii-arhente zomgangatho:Olu qulunqo olunzima luqinisekisa ukuba idayi ithatha ngokufanayo kwintambo, ikhusela ama-patches okanye i-streaks.
Ukujikeleza kotywala bedayi
Emva koko, uqala ukujikeleza utywala bedayi. Ngaphambi kokufudumeza, uqhuba impompo ephambili ukuxuba ngokucokisekileyo idayi kunye neekhemikhali. Oku kujikeleziswa kokuqala kuqinisekisa ukuba xa utywala bedayi buqala ukuhamba ngeepakethi zentambo, bunogxininiso oluhambelanayo kwasekuqaleni. Eli nyathelo linceda ukuthintela ukuhluka kwemibala yokuqala.
Ukufikelela kubushushu bokudaya
Emva koko uqala inkqubo yokufudumeza. Isixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu salo matshini sinyusa iqondo lobushushu bedayi ngokomlinganiselo ocwangcisiweyo. Kwipolyester, oku kuhlala kuthetha ukufikelela kwiqondo lobushushu elimalunga ne-130°C. Ubambe le ncam yobushushu kangangemizuzu engama-45 ukuya kuma-60. Eli xesha lokubamba libalulekile ukuba idayi ibeke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingene kwimicu, igqibezele inkqubo yokudaya ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza ii-Agents zokulungisa
Ekugqibeleni, wongeza ii-agent zokulungisa ukuvala umbala endaweni. Ezi khemikhali zidala umanyano olomeleleyo phakathi kwedayi kunye nomsonto womsonto. Uhlobo lwe-ejenti luxhomekeke kwidayi kunye nefayibha, kunye nolwakhiwo oluthile olubandakanya iiyunithi zesakhiwo se-vinylamine kwiidayi ezisebenzayo.
I-pH ibalulekile ekuLungiseniKufuneka ulawule ngokuchanekileyo i-pH yedayi ngeli nyathelo. Kwiidayi ezisebenzayo, i-pH phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11 ifanelekile. Kwanotshintsho oluncinci lungonakalisa umphumo. Ukuba i-pH iphantsi kakhulu, ukulungiswa kuya kuba nzima. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, idayi iya ku-hydrolyze kwaye ihlambe, ikhokelela kumbala obuthathaka.
Inqanaba 3: Emva koNyango
Emva komjikelo wokudaya, kufuneka wenze emva konyango. Eli nqanaba lokugqibela kuMatshini wokuDaya umsonto liqinisekisa ukuba umsonto wakho unombala obalaseleyo, uziva ulungile, kwaye ulungele ukuveliswa.
Ukuhlamba kunye nokungathathi hlangothi
Okokuqala, uhlambulula umsonto ukususa iikhemikhali ezishiyekileyo kunye nedayi engalungiswanga. Emva kokuhlanjululwa, unciphisa umsonto. Inkqubo yokudaya idla ngokuwushiya umsonto kwimo yealkaline. Kufuneka ulungise i-pH ukunqanda umonakalo wefayibha kunye nokutshintsha kombala.
● Unokusebenzisa iacetic acid ukubuyisela umsonto kwi-pH engathathi hlangothi okanye eneasidi kancinane.
● Ii-arhente ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-Neutra NV nazo zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokungathathi hlangothi okuphambili emva konyango lwe-alkaline. Eli nyathelo libuyisela ilaphu kwindawo ethambileyo, ezinzileyo.
Isepha yokuFaneka koMbala
Emva koko, wenza ukuhlamba isepha. Eli nyathelo libalulekileyo lisusa naziphi na iintwana zedayi ezine-hydrolyzed okanye ezingaphendulwanga ezincanyathiselwe ngokukhululekileyo kumphezulu wefiber. Ukuba awuwasusi la maqhekeza, aya kuhlamba ngexesha lokuhlamba kamva.
Kutheni iSepha ibalulekileIsepha iphucula kakhulu ukukhawulezisa ukuhlamba. Iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela idibana nemigangatho engqongqo yobulunga, efana nendlela yovavanyo ye-ISO 105-C06, elinganisa ukuxhathisa kombala ekuthunjweni.
Ukusebenzisa ii-Agents zokugqiba
Emva koko usebenzisa ii-arhente zokugqiba. Le michiza iphucula ukusebenza komsonto kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo ezifana nokuluka okanye ukunitha. Izithambisi ziiarhente zokugqiba eziqhelekileyo ezinika umsonto iimpawu ezintle zokudada. Oku kugqitywa kunciphisa ukukhuhlane kwaye kuthintele umphumo we-stick-slip, okunciphisa ukuqhawula intambo kunye nexesha lokunciphisa umatshini. Ii-agent zokulinganisa zingasetyenziswa ukunyusa amandla omsonto kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Ukothula kunye Nokomisa
Ekugqibeleni, ukhulula iipakethi zomsonto kumphathi. Emva koko womisa umsonto ukuze ufumane isiqulatho sokufuma esichanekileyo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukumisa irediyo-frequency (RF), esebenzisa amandla e-electromagnetic ukomisa iipakethi ngokulinganayo ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle. Wakuba womile, umsonto ulungele ukujijwa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa.
Ngoku uyayiqonda inkqubo yokudaya intambo yinto echanekileyo, yokusebenza kwamanqanaba amaninzi. Impumelelo yakho ixhomekeke kulawulo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ukuhlangabezana neemetriki eziphambili ezifana nokuchaneka kombala. Le ndlela icwangcisiweyo, ehlala isebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokonga amanzi, ibalulekile kuwe ukuba ufezekise umsonto ongaguquguqukiyo, okumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nongagungqiyo umbala wokuvelisa ilaphu.
FAQ
Loluphi uncedo oluphambili lokudaya imisonto?
Ufezekisa ukungena kombala ophezulu kunye nokukhawuleza. Ukudaya umsonto phambi kokulukwa kudala iipateni ezityebileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nokudaya ilaphu eligqityiweyo.
Kutheni le nto umlinganiselo wotywala ukuya kwizinto eziphathekayo (L:R) ubalulekile?
Kufuneka ulawule i-L:R ngeziphumo ezifanayo. Ichaphazela ukugxilwa kwedayi, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhambelana kombala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Kutheni ufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokudaya i-polyester?
Usebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu ukunyusa iqondo lokubila kwamanzi. Oku kuvumela idayi ukuba ingene kulwakhiwo lwefiber eshinyeneyo yepolyester ukuze ibe nzulu nombala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2025