Umthombo: Financial Times nguZhao Meng
Kutshanje, i-CiIE yesine ifikelele kwisigqibo esiphumelelayo, kwakhona inika ingxelo entle kwihlabathi liphela. Ngonyaka omnye, i-CIIE yalo nyaka inengeniso eqokelelweyo ye-US $70.72 yeebhiliyoni.
Ukuze kuncedwe ababonisi kunye nabathengi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, amaziko ebhanki ayaqhubeka nokuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso yemali eziwela imida, kwaye adale iinkonzo zemali ezidibeneyo eziwela imida ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kuyabonakala ukuba i-CIIE ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni yindawo yokubonisa impahla yasekhaya neyangaphandle, kodwa ikwayi "window yokubonisa" yokwandisa nokuvelisa iinkonzo zemali eziwela imida zamaziko ebhanki.
Kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zalo nyaka, inani elipheleleyo leempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nezokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTshayina linyuke ngama-31.9 ekhulwini unyaka nonyaka, idatha evela kwi-General Administration of Customs ibonise. Kuyabonakala ukuba ngokukhula okunzulu kokuvulwa okuphezulu kweTshayina kunye nokukhula okuzinzileyo korhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ishishini lezemali eliwela imida yeshishini leebhanki lingene kwindlela ekhawulezayo yophuhliso. Iinkonzo zemali eziwela imida ezimelwe "yi-one-stop", "kwi-intanethi" kunye "ne-straight-through" ziya zifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
“Imali ephuma kumda, ejolise ekukhonzeni inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvula amathuba, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kwamkela indawo ebanzi yophuhliso kunye namathuba.” Kudliwanondlebe neFinancial Times, uZheng Chenyang, umfundi ophumelele kwi-postdoctoral kwiBank of China Research Institute, uthe iibhanki zorhwebo kufuneka ziqhubeke nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkonzo zemali eziphuma kumda njengoko urhwebo lwehlabathi lubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwiinkonzo zemali eziphuma kumda.
Uyilo lwemveliso luphawuleka kwaye luchanekile ngokwaneleyo
Intatheli ifumanise ukuba kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokwahlulwa kwezemali eziwela imida, kodwa zonke zahlukile kwenye kwenye. Zonke zidityaniswe kwiinkonzo ezintathu ezisisiseko “zokutshintshiselana”, “ukutshintshiselana” kunye “nokuxhasa ngemali”. Kwi-CIIE yalo nyaka, inani leebhanki zaseTshayina liqalise izicwangciso zeenkonzo zemali ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani zamashishini kwaye lenza iimpawu zazo.
Shwankathela amava eenkonzo zangaphambili eziphindwe kathathu kulo mboniso, ibhanki yokuthumela ngaphandle kulo nyaka iza kuphucula inguqulelo 4.0, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Yi Hui global", igxininisa "elula" ezine, ezizezi "kulula, kulula ukuzonwabela, kulula ukuzidala, kulula ukuzidibanisa", ifaka ngakumbi ubunzulu beemveliso kunye neenkonzo zemali zokungenisa indawo, njengesiseko sohlobo lorhwebo lwentsimi yorhwebo lwangaphandle "inqaku, umgca, ubuso" inkqubo yenkxaso ejikeleze yonke, enemilinganiselo emininzi, ifanelekile kakhulu kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo nezenzelwe wena zamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iinkonzo zemali ezinjalo ziye zabonakala zifuneka kakhulu kumashishini. Ngokweengxelo, ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso seenkonzo zemali esikhethekileyo se-"Jinborong 2020" esakhutshwa kwi-CiIE yesithathu, iBhanki yokuThumela ngaphandle i-Export-Import yaseTshayina ixhase amashishini aphantse abe ngama-2,000 abathengi abangaphezu kwama-300, kunye nebhalansi yeshishini ephantse ibe yi-140 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi, equka amazwe angaphezu kwama-40 kunye nemimandla efana neSingapore neMalaysia, eqhuba ngaphezulu kwe-570 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle.
IBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseShanghai Pudong iza kudibanisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali, uluhlaza kunye nokungabi nakhabhoni eninzi, kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe kwinkqubo yenkonzo yezemali ye-ciIE. Ngenxa yeemfuno zokuthengwa kweCiIF, siza kuphucula ngakumbi umsebenzi wenkonzo yorhwebo kwi-intanethi. Siza kuvula iileta zetyala zokungenisa ngebhanki ekwi-intanethi, ngaphandle kokungenisa izixhobo zesicelo sephepha ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, kwaye singayazi inkqubela phambili yeshishini ngexesha langempela, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle.
IBhanki yaseTshayina igxile ekudibaneni okunzulu kokwakhiwa kweendawo ezinqamlezileyo, ezemfundo, ezemidlalo nezesilivere kunye neenkonzo ze-ciIE, idibanisa izixhobo zokwakha iindawo ezijikeleze indalo, kwaye idala imodeli "yezemali + indawo" "yokufikelela kwindawo enye kunye nempendulo ebonakalayo" kunye ne-ciIE njengeyona nto iphambili, idala indlela entsha yeenkonzo zemali zendalo.
Utshintsho lwedijithali lwemali ewela imida luye lwakhawuleziswa
“Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuthumela imali owela imida we-GUANGfa Bank nge-'window enye' yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, unokufumana ulwazi lwezerhafu kunye nolwazi lwemvelaphi yorhwebo ngokucofa kanye, nto leyo esusa inkqubo yokuphatha ishishini edinisayo kwaye yenza ukuthunyelwa kwemali kube yimpumelelo. Intengiselwano yokuqala esiyenzileyo, ukusuka ekungenisweni ukuya kuphononongo lwebhanki ukuya kwintlawulo yokugqibela, ayithathanga ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seyure.” Itsho njalo i-China construction investment (Guangdong) international trade Co., LTD..
Kubikwa ukuba, ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, ibhanki yophuhliso yaseGuangdong kunye noLawulo oluPhezulu lweeRhafu (iofisi yolawulo lwezibuko likazwelonke) batyikitye isivumelwano sokukhuthaza ngokubambisana "ifestile enye" yemali yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-inshurensi, ukwakhiwa komsebenzi wenkonzo kwinqanaba elikhulu lokuphumeza ukwabelana ngolwazi lwedatha, ukwandisa iinkonzo zemali kunye nobuchule besicelo sesayensi netekhnoloji, ukungenisa nokuthumela amashishini ngaphandle ukuze kubonelelwe ngeenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezilula, ukukhuthaza ukucocwa kwamasiko orhwebo.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwimeko yokusasazeka okuqhubekayo kobhubhane kwamanye amazwe, amashishini afanelekileyo afuna ngokungxamisekileyo iinkonzo zemali eziwela imida "engathethiyo" kunye "nentlawulo ekhawulezileyo". Ziqhutywa lukhuphiswano loontanga kunye nemfuno yabathengi, iibhanki zorhwebo zikhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwempumelelo ye-fintech ukuze kufezekiswe utshintsho lwedijithali kunye nophuhliso lwemali ewela imida.
"Inkonzo yokuhlawula ngokuthe ngqo imida" kwi-CIIE yalo nyaka itsale ingqalelo yemarike. Intatheli iyaqonda ukuba, le bhanki "ichasene nokuhlamba imali kunye nokuxhasa ngemali yokulwa nobugrogrisi, ukuphepha irhafu", ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo yabathengi ngokuthe ngqo yokujongana nokuhlawula ngokuthe ngqo imida iakhawunti yorhwebo olukhululekileyo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle, iakhawunti eqhelekileyo yokuhlawula i-RMB kunye nokutshintshiselana ngeakhawunti yorhwebo olukhululekileyo kulula, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba abathengi bangenise ezinye izixhobo, iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo zokuncedisa.
ULiu Xingya, usekela-mlawuli weNdlunkulu yaseShanghai yeBhanki yabantu yaseTshayina, uthe amaziko emali kufuneka aphucule izicwangciso zawo zenkonzo kunye neemveliso zemali ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zababonisi kunye nabathengi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye anikezele ngeenkonzo zemali ezibanzi nezisemgangathweni ophezulu kuwo onke amaqela eCIIE.
Ukwahlukahluka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemali eziwela imida
Okwangoku, ezinye iibhanki zaseTshayina ziyaqhubeka nokuqinisa umda wazo ophambili kwiinkonzo zemali eziwela imida. Ngokwengxelo yesithathu yekota yeBhanki yaseTshayina, iphethe i-41.2% yesabelo semarike kwi-CIPS (inkqubo yokuhlawula imida ye-RMB), igcina indawo yokuqala kwimarike. Isixa semali ewela imida ye-RMB yayiyi-464 trillion yuan, inyuke nge-31.69% ngonyaka, igcina inani elikhokelayo kwihlabathi.
Xa ejonga ikamva, uZheng Chenyang ukholelwa ukuba uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho, utshintsho kwisakhiwo sorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, utshintsho kunye nokuphuculwa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso kunye nothotho lwezinto ezimisela indlela yophuhliso lweshishini lezemali eliwela imida. Njengeziko lezemali lebhanki, kuphela ngokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zangaphakathi ngokuqhubekayo apho linokufumana amathuba ekwakhiweni kwendlela entsha yophuhliso.
“Amaziko ebhanki kufuneka aqale anikele inkonzo eqinileyo kwipatheni entsha yophuhliso, asebenzise ngokupheleleyo iimarike ezimbini kunye nezixhobo ezimbini ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, aqonde amathuba okwandisa ukuvulwa komgaqo-nkqubo wehlabathi langaphandle, ixabiso eliphezulu lasekhaya elithintelwe lurhwebo olukhululekileyo, izibuko lorhwebo olukhululekileyo, likwimeko entle, urhwebo lweCanton kunye norhwebo lweempahla luza kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali eqinileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso seqonga elitsha, Siza kuthatha ithuba lentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo lwengingqi efana neBelt and Road Initiative kunye neRCEP ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lweshishini lamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqinisa uphuhliso lweshishini eliwela imida.” utshilo uZheng Chenyang.
Ukongeza, ukuqhambuka kobhubhane kubonakalise iingenelo zoqoqosho lwedijithali. Urhwebo lwehlabathi luya lusiba yidijithali kwaye lukrelekrele ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida luye lwaba ngamandla amatsha okuqhuba ukukhula korhwebo. Iingcali ezidliwanondlebe zivumile ukuba inyathelo elilandelayo, icandelo leebhanki lokwandisa utyalo-mali kwisayensi nakwitekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa kwedatha enkulu, iibhloko zekhonkco, ezifana netekhnoloji yezemali, ukugxila kurhwebo lwedijithali, ishishini eliwela imida, urhwebo lwe-intanethi kunye nezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo, izakhiwo, iqonga lenkonzo yezemali kwi-intanethi kunye nendawo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yokuxhasa urhwebo lwe-intanethi, uphuhliso lwe-digital pratt kunye nezezimali kunye nochungechunge lokubonelela ngemali, Ukuvumela imodeli entsha yeenkonzo zemali eziwela imida ngokusebenzisa idijithali.
UZheng Chenyang ugxininise ukuba ukuvulwa kwezemali kunye neenkonzo zemali eziwela imida kufuneka ziqonde ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhuthazwa ngokubanzi kunye neziphumo eziphambili. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indawo enkulu ye-guangdong kunye ne-hainan free trade port area ikhawuleziswe yaba "yifestile" yokuvulwa kweTshayina kwihlabathi langaphandle inokulingana nenkxaso-mali ehambelanayo yeeBhanki zayo, ukuququzelelwa korhwebo kunye notyalo-mali, ukwenziwa kweenkonzo zemali eziwela imida ye-renminbi kumazwe ngamazwe, njengokukhuthazwa kweemveliso ezintsha, isiseko sabathengi esiqinileyo, amava enkonzo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-23-2022